Abstract
On a continuum of social presence, the face-to-face medium between humans is considered to yield the greatest sense of presence, whereas face-to-face between humans and machines, the least. True attention or empathy with technological devices such as robots requires more than simply having interfaces with the semblance of a calm expression or a friendly behavior. Interaction design, in particular, should lie in part on the existence of a certain form of the devices’ Presence Effect. Drawing on experiments that are both artistic and technological, namely embodiment experiments with devices for communication and telepresence, we have try to extend the theoretical field of the Presence Effect to study and describe in detail the information that is prone to giving meaning to the presence of such machines upstream of communication phenomena. Thus, the objective of synthesizing this research is to make it possible to apply these specific behavioral states, which so far have been exploited, to interactive devices, such as telecommunication devices or social robots in Japan.